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Media economics embodies economic theoretical and practical economic questions specific to media of all types. Of particular concern to media economics are the economic polices and practices of media companies and disciples including journalism and the news industry, film production, entertainment programs, print, broadcast, mobile communications, Internet, advertising and public relations. Deregulation of media, media ownership and concentration, market share, intellectual property rights, competitive economic strategies, company economics, "media tax" and other issues are considered parts of the field. Media economics has social, cultural, and economic implications. Regular study of media economic issues began in the 1970s but flourished in the 1980s with the addition of classes on the subject at U.S. and European universities. ''The Journal of Media Economics'' began publishing in 1988, edited by Robert G. Picard, one of the founding fathers of the discipline. Since that time the field of inquiry has flourished and there are now hundreds of universities offering courses and programs in media economics. Other significant figures in the field have included Steven S. Wildman, Alan Albarran, Bruce M. Owen, Ben Compaine, Ghislain Deslandes, Stuart McFadyen, Gillian Doyle, Karl Erik Gustafsson, Lucy Küng, Gregory Ferrell Lowe, Nadine Toussaint Desmoulins, Achour Fenni, Amanda D. Lotz, and Stephen Lacy. Within academia, the location of media economics research varies depending upon the tradition and history of the institution. In some universities it is located in schools of business or economics, whereas in others it is located in communication, media or journalism schools (or departments). The term "cultural economics" is sometimes used as a synonym for media economics but they are not substitutable. Cultural economics includes a wide variety of activities that do not necessarily involve mediated dissemination such as museums, symphonies, operas, and festivals. At times these may cross over into media economic issues, such as when audio or video recordings are made of performances or museum holdings are put on CDs. == Worldwide media == There is no definitive list of every radio and television station in the world. The National Association of Broadcasters cites the estimate from the U.S. C.I.A. World Fact Book, which reports that "as of January 2000, there are over 21,500 television stations and over 44,000 radio stations." (CIA World Fact Book references --(Radio ), (TV )) In the United States the FCC provides a list of "Licensed Broadcast Station Totals (Index) 1990 to Present," which may be found (here ). According to the FCC report -- *The Commission has announced the following totals for broadcast stations licensed as of March 31, 2004 AM RADIO 4781 FM RADIO 6224 FM EDUCATIONAL 2471 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 13476 UHF COMMERCIAL TV 773 VHF COMMERCIAL TV 589 UHF EDUCATIONAL TV 255 VHF EDUCATIONAL TV 127 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 1744 CLASS A UHF STATIONS 498 CLASS A VHF STATIONS 112 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 610 FM TRANSLATORS & BOOSTERS 3842 UHF TRANSLATORS 2658 VHF TRANSLATORS 2079 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 8579 UHF LOW POWER TV 1605 VHF LOW POWER TV 523 _____________________________________________ TOTAL 2128 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「media economics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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